-
1 маршрутная съёмка
1) Naval: running survey2) Military: route sketch, route sketching3) Oil: reconnaissance survey4) Fishery: strip photography5) Cartography: approximate surveying, field traverse, road sketch, road survey, route traverse6) Ecology: geographical exploration traverse, route survey, strip survey7) Drilling: traverse8) Gold mining: reconnaissance survey (местности) -
2 карточка маршрута
Arms production: route sketch -
3 кроки
1) General subject: sketch, sketch-map3) Engineering: eye sketch, rough sketch4) Topography: area sketch5) Astronautics: road map (при исполнении работы), roadmap (при исполнении работы)6) Cartography: drawing of site, exploratory survey, field description, field notes, field records, itinerary, location sketch, plan sketch, position sketch, road sketch, route reports, route traverse, sketch survey, topographic notes, topographical notes, topography notes7) Topology: croquis, field sketch8) Advertising: matchstick figures, pin-man drawings, sketch plan9) Drilling: outline10) Arms production: sketch map11) Makarov: rough drawing -
4 trazado
m.1 tracing.2 layout, design, drawing, diagram.past part.past participle of spanish verb: trazar.* * *1 (plano) layout, plan2 (dibujo) drawing, sketch3 (de carretera, ferrocarril) route, course* * *noun m.plan, design* * *SM1) [de carretera] route2) [de edificio] plan, design; [de ciudad] layout3) And (=cuchillo) machete* * *a) (de línea, dibujo) drawing, tracingb) ( de carretera) route; ( de ciudad) layoutde trazado antiguo/moderno — of ancient/modern design
c) ( de edificio) plan* * *a) (de línea, dibujo) drawing, tracingb) ( de carretera) route; ( de ciudad) layoutde trazado antiguo/moderno — of ancient/modern design
c) ( de edificio) plan* * *1 (de una línea, un dibujo) drawing, tracing2 (de una carretera) route; (de una ciudad) layoutde trazado antiguo/moderno of ancient/modern design3 (de un edificio) plan* * *
Del verbo trazar: ( conjugate trazar)
trazado es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
trazado
trazar
trazar ( conjugate trazar) verbo transitivo
1
‹ plano› to draw;
trazado el contorno de algo to outline sth
2 ‹plan/proyecto/estrategia› to draw up, devise
trazado sustantivo masculino
1 (de una carretera) route
(de un oleoducto, canal) course
2 Arquit (diseño, plano) design, layout
trazar verbo transitivo
1 (una línea, un dibujo) to draw
2 (un plan) to draw up
3 (describir a grandes rasgos) to sketch, outline
' trazado' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
recta
- rectitud
- recto
English:
layout
- lay
* * *trazado, -a♦ adjdesigned, laid out♦ nm1. [trazo] outline, sketching2. [diseño] [de carretera] route;[de ciudad, edificio] plan, design3. [recorrido] route;una variante de trazado de la línea actual an alternative route for the existing line* * *m* * *trazado nm1) bosquejo: outline, sketch2) plan: plan, layout -
5 trazar
v.1 to draw, to trace.2 to draw up (plan, estrategia).* * *1 (línea, plano, dibujo) to draw, draw up2 (parque) to lay out; (edificio) to design3 (itinerario) to trace4 figurado (plan etc) to outline, draft1 figurado (describir) to sketch\trazar una semblanza de alguien figurado to describe somebody, depict somebody* * *verb1) to trace2) plan, design* * *VT1) (=dibujar) [+ línea] to draw, trace; (Arte) to sketch, outline; (Arquit, Téc) to plan, design2) [+ fronteras, límites] to mark out; [+ itinerario] to plot; [+ desarrollo, política] to lay down, mark out3) (=explicar) to outline, describe* * *1.verbo transitivo1)b) (Arquit) <puente/edificio> to design2)a) <plan/proyecto/estrategia> to draw up, deviseb) ( describir) to draw2.trazó una semblanza de la vida y obra del artista — he drew o sketched a picture of the life and work of the artist
* * *= trace, plot, chart, draw.Ex. Cleo Passantino produced a long sheet of graph paper with a sawtooth squiggle traced down the center of it.Ex. The technique 'Trend Projection' graphically plots future trends based on past experience.Ex. This article describes how Australia was depicted on early maps of the world charted by the Portuguese and Dutch seafarers from 1452 to the present day.Ex. At every instant the darkness of the line being drawn is made equal to the darkness of the point on the picture being observed by the photocell.----* punta de trazar = scribe.* trazar con tiza = chalk.* trazar con una gráfica = graph.* trazar directrices = chart + direction.* trazar la evolución de = trace + the development of, trace + the evolution of.* trazar la evolución de Algo = chart + progress, chart + the history.* trazar la trayectoria = chart + course.* trazar una curva de Algo = plot + Nombre + on a graph.* trazar una gráfica de Algo = plot + Nombre + on a graph.* trazar un círculo alrededor = circle.* trazar un mapa = map.* trazar un rumbo = chart + course.* * *1.verbo transitivo1)b) (Arquit) <puente/edificio> to design2)a) <plan/proyecto/estrategia> to draw up, deviseb) ( describir) to draw2.trazó una semblanza de la vida y obra del artista — he drew o sketched a picture of the life and work of the artist
* * *= trace, plot, chart, draw.Ex: Cleo Passantino produced a long sheet of graph paper with a sawtooth squiggle traced down the center of it.
Ex: The technique 'Trend Projection' graphically plots future trends based on past experience.Ex: This article describes how Australia was depicted on early maps of the world charted by the Portuguese and Dutch seafarers from 1452 to the present day.Ex: At every instant the darkness of the line being drawn is made equal to the darkness of the point on the picture being observed by the photocell.* punta de trazar = scribe.* trazar con tiza = chalk.* trazar con una gráfica = graph.* trazar directrices = chart + direction.* trazar la evolución de = trace + the development of, trace + the evolution of.* trazar la evolución de Algo = chart + progress, chart + the history.* trazar la trayectoria = chart + course.* trazar una curva de Algo = plot + Nombre + on a graph.* trazar una gráfica de Algo = plot + Nombre + on a graph.* trazar un círculo alrededor = circle.* trazar un mapa = map.* trazar un rumbo = chart + course.* * *trazar [A4 ]vtA1 ‹línea› to trace, draw; ‹plano› to drawtrazaron la ruta a seguir they traced out o plotted the route to be followedtrazar el contorno de algo to outline sth, to sketch the outline of sth2 ( Arquit) ‹puente/edificio› to designB1 ‹plan/proyecto/estrategia› to draw up, devise2(describir): trazar un paralelo entre los dos casos to draw a parallel between the two casestrazó una semblanza de la vida y obra del artista he drew o sketched a picture of the life and work of the artist■ trazarse* * *
trazar ( conjugate trazar) verbo transitivo
1
‹ plano› to draw;
trazar el contorno de algo to outline sth
2 ‹plan/proyecto/estrategia› to draw up, devise
trazar verbo transitivo
1 (una línea, un dibujo) to draw
2 (un plan) to draw up
3 (describir a grandes rasgos) to sketch, outline
' trazar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bosquejar
English:
chart
- compass
- delineate
- describe
- draw
- lay out
- line
- lineage
- map
- plot
- retrace
- rule
- circle
- outline
- trace
* * *trazar vt1. [línea] to draw, to trace;[plano, mapa] to draw; [ruta] to plot2. [plan, estrategia] to draw up;[objetivo] to settrazó un dramático panorama de la situación she drew an alarming picture of the situation;trazar un paralelismo entre dos cosas to draw a parallel between two things* * *v/t1 ( dibujar) draw2 ruta plot, trace3 ( describir) outline, describe* * *trazar {21} vt1) : to trace2) : to draw up, to devise3) : to outline, to sketch* * * -
6 esquema
m.1 diagram.2 sketch, skeleton, design, diagram.3 way of thinking.4 scheme, plan, schedule, rede.5 layout.* * *1 (gráfica) diagram2 (plan) outline, plan* * *noun m.* * *SM1) [en esbozo] (=resumen) outline; (=diagrama) diagram; (=dibujo) sketch2) (=conjunto de ideas) thinking, way of thinkingsus esquemas mentales están anclados en el pasado — his thinking o way of thinking is rooted in the past
no me imaginaba que fueras a hacerte monja, me has roto todos los esquemas — I never imagined you'd become a nun, you've really thrown me *
3) (Rel, Fil) schema* * *2) ( de ideas)el esquema liberal — liberal philosophy o thinking
romperle los esquemas a alguien — (fam) ( echar abajo - conceptos) to shatter somebody's preconceptions; (- planes) to ruin somebody's plans
* * *= framework, schema [schemas/schemata, -pl.], schematisation [schematization, -USA], schematic, landscape.Ex. The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.Ex. A schema of information sciences is put forward with the plea that any discussion of information and information science should first declare the definitions to be used.Ex. The proposed schematisation provides librarians who have collection development responsibilities with a mechanism for assigning a specific priority to each selection.Ex. The schematic for this structure can be found in figure 2.1.Ex. During the post-war period international organizations have become a prominent feature of the international landscape.----* esquema del cableado eléctrico = wiring diagram.* esquema general = outline, overview.* esquemas = schemata [schema, -sing.].* romper los esquemas = think out(side) + (of) the box.* * *2) ( de ideas)el esquema liberal — liberal philosophy o thinking
romperle los esquemas a alguien — (fam) ( echar abajo - conceptos) to shatter somebody's preconceptions; (- planes) to ruin somebody's plans
* * *= framework, schema [schemas/schemata, -pl.], schematisation [schematization, -USA], schematic, landscape.Ex: The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.
Ex: A schema of information sciences is put forward with the plea that any discussion of information and information science should first declare the definitions to be used.Ex: The proposed schematisation provides librarians who have collection development responsibilities with a mechanism for assigning a specific priority to each selection.Ex: The schematic for this structure can be found in figure 2.1.Ex: During the post-war period international organizations have become a prominent feature of the international landscape.* esquema del cableado eléctrico = wiring diagram.* esquema general = outline, overview.* esquemas = schemata [schema, -sing.].* romper los esquemas = think out(side) + (of) the box.* * *A1 (croquis) sketch, diagram2(sinopsis): mándales un esquema del argumento/guión send them an outline o a synopsis of the plot/scripthazte un esquema de lo que quieres decir draw up an outline o a plan of what you want to sayel esquema narrativo de la novela es simple the novel has a simple plotB(de ideas): la interpretación de nuestra realidad con esquemas ajenos the use of foreign ways of thinking o foreign perceptions to try to understand our own situationproyectos opuestos al esquema liberal projects at odds with liberal philosophy o thinkinges imposible sacarla de sus esquemas you'll never get her to change her way of thinkingromperle los esquemas a algn ( fam) (echar abajo — conceptos) to shatter sb's preconceptions; (— planes) to ruin sb's plans* * *
esquema sustantivo masculino
1 ( croquis) sketch, diagram;
( sinopsis) outline
2 ( de ideas):◊ el esquema liberal liberal philosophy o thinking;
no se sale de sus esquemas she doesn't change her way of thinking
esquema sustantivo masculino
1 (dibujo) diagram, sketch
2 (resumen de ideas) outline: les quiero presentar un esquema de nuestros objetivos, I'd like to submit an outline of our objectives
3 (base) preconceptions, philosophy: tiene unos esquemas de comportamiento muy maduros, he conducts himself in a mature manner
' esquema' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
cuadro
- guion
English:
diagram
- frame
- skeleton
- outline
- plan
* * *esquema nm1. [gráfico] diagram;hazme un esquema de la ruta hasta tu casa draw me a map of the route to your house2. [resumen] outline;hacerse un esquema to draw up an outlinelos esquemas de comportamiento del enfermo anoréxico the behaviour patterns of anorexics;romper los esquemas a alguien: sus ideas sobre las drogas me rompieron los esquemas his ideas on drugs really challenged my preconceptions;ya tenía el itinerario preparado pero su respuesta me rompió los esquemas I had already worked out the itinerary but her answer threw all my plans up in the air* * *m1 ( croquis) sketch, diagram;2 ( sinopsis) outline, summary* * *esquema nfbosquejo: outline, sketch, plan* * *esquema n1. (diagrama) diagram2. (resumen) outline -
7 глазомерная съёмка
1) General subject: eye sketch work2) Geology: eye sketch, eye sketch, field sketching, field sketching3) Military: ( field) eye survey, (field) sketching, exploratory (eyesight) survey, eyesight survey, eyework, pace survey, (топографическая) pace survey (с определением расстояний шагами)4) Engineering: approximate survey, exploratory survey, exploratory survey, eye survey, rough survey5) Agriculture: eye sketching6) Oil: pace method survey7) Special term: sketching8) Cartography: approximate surveying, eye work, ocular estimation, ocular estimation, route survey, route traverse, sketch survey, visual observation9) Makarov: approximate sketching, ocular surveyУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > глазомерная съёмка
-
8 trazo
m.1 line.2 stroke.3 sketch, drawing, plan.4 tracing.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: trazar.* * *1 (línea) line2 (de una letra) stroke3 figurado (rasgo facial) feature* * *SM1) (=línea) stroke, linetrazo de lápiz — pencil line, pencil stroke
2) (=esbozo) sketch, outline3) pl trazos [de cara] lines, features4) [de ropaje] fold* * *masculino stroke* * *= serif, stroke, sidenote [side-note], brush stroke [brushstroke].Ex. It was a hybrid letter, with the bracketed, inclined serifs of the old face combined with the vertical stress and sharp regularity of modern.Ex. They are true black letters in their great contrast between thick and thin strokes and they have mere thickenings for serifs.Ex. The odour impression was a very pleasant spearmint, with green, floral, fruity, and spicy sidenotes.Ex. The Chinese use two brush strokes to write the word 'crisis' -- one brush stroke stands for danger, the other for opportunity.----* de trazos anchos = broad-pen.* de trazos delicados = spidery.* * *masculino stroke* * *= serif, stroke, sidenote [side-note], brush stroke [brushstroke].Ex: It was a hybrid letter, with the bracketed, inclined serifs of the old face combined with the vertical stress and sharp regularity of modern.
Ex: They are true black letters in their great contrast between thick and thin strokes and they have mere thickenings for serifs.Ex: The odour impression was a very pleasant spearmint, with green, floral, fruity, and spicy sidenotes.Ex: The Chinese use two brush strokes to write the word 'crisis' -- one brush stroke stands for danger, the other for opportunity.* de trazos anchos = broad-pen.* de trazos delicados = spidery.* * *strokedibuja con trazos enérgicos she draws with vigorous strokesdescribe con trazo magistral la historia de la ciudad he describes with a masterful touch the history of the cityescribe con trazo firme y seguro she writes with a steady and sure hand* * *
Del verbo trazar: ( conjugate trazar)
trazo es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
trazó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
trazar
trazo
trazar ( conjugate trazar) verbo transitivo
1
‹ plano› to draw;
trazo el contorno de algo to outline sth
2 ‹plan/proyecto/estrategia› to draw up, devise
trazo sustantivo masculino
stroke
trazar verbo transitivo
1 (una línea, un dibujo) to draw
2 (un plan) to draw up
3 (describir a grandes rasgos) to sketch, outline
trazo sustantivo masculino
1 (línea, dibujo) line
2 (de letra manuscrita) stroke
' trazo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
plumazo
- rasgo
English:
sketch
- stroke
- heavily
- shaky
* * *trazo nm1. [al escribir, dibujar] line;hizo un dibujo con cuatro trazos she drew a simple outline;estaba escrito con trazos gruesos it was written in a crude hand2. [de dibujo, rostro] line;a grandes trazos in broad outline;éste es, a grandes trazos, el argumento de la obra that is the broad outline of the plot3. [de letra] stroke* * *m line* * *trazo nm1) : stroke, line2) : sketch, outline -
9 nakreśl|ić1
pf — nakreśl|ać impf vt 1. (narysować) to draw, to sketch- nakreślić coś kredą na tablicy to draw sth with chalk on the blackboard- nakreślić plan miasta/zabudowań to draw a. sketch a plan of the town/buildings- nakreślić szlak to map out a route2. (wytyczyć) to frame, to sketch- nakreślić plan działania to frame a. sketch a plan of actionThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > nakreśl|ić1
-
10 tracciare
"to trace;Einreissen;abrir rasgos"* * *linea draw( delineare) outline( abbozzare) sketch* * *tracciare v.tr. to trace (out), to mark out, to map out, to plot, to draw* (anche fig.); (fig.) ( abbozzare, delineare) to outline, to sketch out: devi seguire la strada che ti ha tracciato, you must follow the course he has marked out for you; tracciare un campo da gioco, una strada, to mark out a playground, a road; tracciare i confini, ( di una proprietà) to trace out the boundaries (of a property); tracciare una linea, to draw a line; tracciare un diagramma, un grafico, to plot a diagram, a graph; tracciare un arco, to describe an arc; tracciare un itinerario, to map out a route; tracciare un modello su una stoffa, to trace a pattern on material; tracciare il piano di un edificio, to trace out the plan of a building; tracciare il piano di un discorso, (fig.) to sketch out a speech; tracciare il quadro della situazione, (fig.) to outline the situation; tracciare una linea di condotta, (fig.) to outline a course of action; tracciare lo schema di un romanzo, to outline a novel // quello scrittore ha tracciato la via ai suoi successori, that writer paved the way for his successors.* * *[trat'tʃare]verbo transitivo1) (disegnare) to draw* [linea, figura]; to trace out [ disegno]; statist. to plot [ grafico]tracciare il contorno di — to outline [occhi, immagine]
2) (segnare un tracciato) to mark out [ strada]; to map out [ itinerario]tracciare un sentiero — to blaze a trail, to tread a path
3) (stabilire) to chart [ rotta]; to delineate, to demarcate [area, confine]4) fig. (rendere a grandi linee) to outline [piano, programma]tracciare il profilo di qcn. — giorn. to profile sb
* * *tracciare/trat't∫are/ [1]1 (disegnare) to draw* [linea, figura]; to trace out [ disegno]; statist. to plot [ grafico]; tracciare il contorno di to outline [occhi, immagine]2 (segnare un tracciato) to mark out [ strada]; to map out [ itinerario]; tracciare un sentiero to blaze a trail, to tread a path3 (stabilire) to chart [ rotta]; to delineate, to demarcate [area, confine]4 fig. (rendere a grandi linee) to outline [piano, programma]; tracciare il profilo di qcn. giorn. to profile sb. -
11 трасса
ж.1. ( направление) line, directionвоздушная трасса — air route, airway
2. разг. ( дорога) routeехать по новой трассе — take*, или go* by, a new route
3. ( план местности) plan, draught; ( чертёж) sketch -
12 траса
ж1) ( напрямок) line, route, routing, directionповітряна траса — airline, airway, air route
2) ( дорога) highway, road3) тех. draft, plan, sketch -
13 tracciato
"layout, outline;Verlauf;traçado"* * *tracciato s.m.1 plan, route: il tracciato di una gara, the course of a race; il tracciato di una strada, the (planned) route of a road; seguire il tracciato, to follow the traced route2 ( diagramma) graph4 (inform.) format; layout5 (mar.) plot.* * *[trat'tʃato]sostantivo maschile1) edil. tecn. layout, plan2) (diagramma) tracing3) sport (percorso di gara) course* * *tracciato/trat't∫ato/sostantivo m.1 edil. tecn. layout, plan; tracciato di una strada road layout2 (diagramma) tracing3 sport (percorso di gara) course. -
14 трасса
1) (направление) line
2) разг. (дорога) route
3) (план местности) plan, draught; (чертеж) sketch* * ** * *1) line, direction 2) route* * * -
15 трасса
жен.1) ( направление) line, direction- трасса канала2) разг. ( дорога) routeехать по новой трассе — to take a new route, to go by a new route
3) ( план местности) plan, draught; ( чертеж) sketch -
16 planter
planter [plɑ̃te]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verba. [+ plante, graine] to plant ; [+ jardin] to put plants inb. [+ clou] to hammer in ; [+ pieu] to drive in• planter là ( = laisser sur place) [+ personne] to leave behind ; [+ travail, outils] to dump (inf) ; ( = délaisser) [+ épouse] to walk out on (inf)• ne restez pas planté là à ne rien faire ! don't just stand there doing nothing!2. intransitive verb3. reflexive verba. ( = se tromper) to mess up (inf)b. ( = avoir un accident) to crash* * *plɑ̃te
1.
1) to plant [tomates, jardin]2) ( enfoncer) to drive in [pieu]; to knock in [clou]3) ( dresser) to pitch [tente]planter un décor — lit to put up a set; fig to set the scene
4) (colloq) ( mettre) to put, to stick (colloq)5) (colloq) ( abandonner)planter là — to drop [outil]; to abandon [voiture]; to pack in (colloq) [travail]; to walk out on [époux]
2.
(colloq) verbe intransitif Informatique to crash
3.
se planter verbe pronominal1) [fleur, parterre] to be planted2) ( s'enfoncer) [clou] to go in3) [personne]4) (colloq) ( se tenir)5) (colloq) ( avoir un accident) to crash6) (colloq) ( se tromper) to get it wrong; ( se perdre) to get lost* * *plɑ̃te vt1) [fleur, légume, arbre] to plantDaphné a planté des tomates. — Daphne planted some tomatoes.
2) [clou, pieu] to hammer inplanter qch dans [clou, pieu] — to hammer sth into
Jean-Pierre a planté un clou dans le mur. — Jean-Pierre hammered a nail into the wall.
Elle lui a planté un couteau dans le dos. — She stuck a knife in his back.
4) [tente] to put up, to pitchplanter sa tente quelque part — to pitch one's tent somewhere, to put up one's tent somewhere
André a planté sa tente au bord du lac. — André pitched his tent beside the lake.
5) [drapeau, échelle] to put up6) fig7) * (= abandonner) [amoureux] to ditchplanter là; Il m'a planté là et il est remonté dans sa voiture. — He dumped me there and got back in his car.
* * *planter verb table: aimerA vtr1 Agric, Hort to plant [rosier, pommes de terre, tomates, jardin]; route plantée d'arbres tree-lined road, road lined with trees;2 ( ficher) to drive in [pieu]; to knock in [clou]; planter un pieu dans qch to drive a stake into sth; planter un couteau/une fourchette dans to stick a knife/a fork into; planter ses dents/ses griffes dans le bras de qn to sink one's teeth/to dig one's claws into sb's arm; planter une flèche dans une cible to shoot an arrow into a target; clou mal planté nail which has not gone in straight; planter un drapeau au pôle Sud to put up a flag at the South Pole;3 ( dresser) to pitch [tente]; planter un décor lit to put up a set; fig to set the scene; planter une échelle contre un mur to stand a ladder against a wall; bâtiment planté en rase campagne building stuck in the middle of nowhere;4 ( mettre) to put, to stick○; planter la bouteille sur la table to stick the bottle on the table; planter un baiser sur la joue de qn to plant a kiss on sb's cheek;5 ○( abandonner) planter là to drop [outil]; to dump○, to abandon [voiture]; to pack in○, to chuck in○ GB [travail]; to walk out on, to ditch○ [époux]; il m'a planté là et a sauté dans un taxi he left me standing there and jumped into a taxi; il a tout planté là et est parti en Inde he dropped everything ou he chucked○ it all in and went off to India.B ○vi Ordinat to crash.C se planter vpr1 Hort [fleur, parterre] to be planted; se planter au printemps to be planted in the spring;2 ( se ficher) [clou, pieu] to go in;3 [personne] se planter une épine/un clou dans le pied to get a thorn/a nail in one's foot; avoir une épine plantée dans le pied to have a thorn in one's foot;4 ○( se tenir) aller se planter devant qch/qn to go and stand in front of sth/sb;5 ○( avoir un accident) to crash; se planter en planeur to crash in a glider; se planter en vélo to have a bicycle accident;6 ○( se tromper) to get it wrong; ( se perdre) to get lost; se planter dans une addition to get a sum all wrong; il s'est planté en histoire he made a mess of the history paper ou exam.[plɑ̃te] verbe transitif2. [enfoncer] to stick ou to drive in (separable)[avec un marteau] to hammer in (separable)4. [poser résolument]5. [dépeindre - personnage] to sketch (in)6. (familier) [abandonner - personne, voiture] to dump, to ditch ; [ - travail, projet] to pack in (separable)————————[plɑ̃te] verbe intransitif————————se planter verbe pronominal intransitif2. (familier) [se tenir immobile] to stand3. (familier) [se tromper] to get it wrongon s'est complètement plantés, c'est infaisable we've got it completely wrong, it can't be done4. (familier) [dans un accident] to (have a) crash5. (familier) [échouer] to make a complete mess of things6. (familier) [ordinateur] to crash -
17 Empire, Portuguese overseas
(1415-1975)Portugal was the first Western European state to establish an early modern overseas empire beyond the Mediterranean and perhaps the last colonial power to decolonize. A vast subject of complexity that is full of myth as well as debatable theories, the history of the Portuguese overseas empire involves the story of more than one empire, the question of imperial motives, the nature of Portuguese rule, and the results and consequences of empire, including the impact on subject peoples as well as on the mother country and its society, Here, only the briefest account of a few such issues can be attempted.There were various empires or phases of empire after the capture of the Moroccan city of Ceuta in 1415. There were at least three Portuguese empires in history: the First empire (1415-1580), the Second empire (1580-1640 and 1640-1822), and the Third empire (1822-1975).With regard to the second empire, the so-called Phillipine period (1580-1640), when Portugal's empire was under Spanish domination, could almost be counted as a separate era. During that period, Portugal lost important parts of its Asian holdings to England and also sections of its colonies of Brazil, Angola, and West Africa to Holland's conquests. These various empires could be characterized by the geography of where Lisbon invested its greatest efforts and resources to develop territories and ward off enemies.The first empire (1415-1580) had two phases. First came the African coastal phase (1415-97), when the Portuguese sought a foothold in various Moroccan cities but then explored the African coast from Morocco to past the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. While colonization and sugar farming were pursued in the Atlantic islands, as well as in the islands in the Gulf of Guinea like São Tomé and Príncipe, for the most part the Portuguese strategy was to avoid commitments to defending or peopling lands on the African continent. Rather, Lisbon sought a seaborne trade empire, in which the Portuguese could profit from exploiting trade and resources (such as gold) along the coasts and continue exploring southward to seek a sea route to Portuguese India. The second phase of the first empire (1498-1580) began with the discovery of the sea route to Asia, thanks to Vasco da Gama's first voyage in 1497-99, and the capture of strong points, ports, and trading posts in order to enforce a trade monopoly between Asia and Europe. This Asian phase produced the greatest revenues of empire Portugal had garnered, yet ended when Spain conquered Portugal and commanded her empire as of 1580.Portugal's second overseas empire began with Spanish domination and ran to 1822, when Brazil won her independence from Portugal. This phase was characterized largely by Brazilian dominance of imperial commitment, wealth in minerals and other raw materials from Brazil, and the loss of a significant portion of her African and Asian coastal empire to Holland and Great Britain. A sketch of Portugal's imperial losses either to native rebellions or to imperial rivals like Britain and Holland follows:• Morocco (North Africa) (sample only)Arzila—Taken in 1471; evacuated in 1550s; lost to Spain in 1580, which returned city to a sultan.Ceuta—Taken in 1415; lost to Spain in 1640 (loss confirmed in 1668 treaty with Spain).• Tangiers—Taken in 15th century; handed over to England in 1661 as part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry to King Charles II.• West Africa• Fort/Castle of São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (in what is now Ghana)—Taken in 1480s; lost to Holland in 1630s.• Middle EastSocotra-isle—Conquered in 1507; fort abandoned in 1511; used as water resupply stop for India fleet.Muscat—Conquered in 1501; lost to Persians in 1650.Ormuz—Taken, 1505-15 under Albuquerque; lost to England, which gave it to Persia in the 17th century.Aden (entry to Red Sea) — Unsuccessfully attacked by Portugal (1513-30); taken by Turks in 1538.• India• Ceylon (Sri Lanka)—Taken by 1516; lost to Dutch after 1600.• Bombay—Taken in 16th century; given to England in 1661 treaty as part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry for Charles II.• East Indies• Moluccas—Taken by 1520; possession confirmed in 1529 Saragossa treaty with Spain; lost to Dutch after 1600; only East Timor remaining.After the restoration of Portuguese independence from Spain in 1640, Portugal proceeded to revive and strengthen the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance, with international aid to fight off further Spanish threats to Portugal and drive the Dutch invaders out of Brazil and Angola. While Portugal lost its foothold in West Africa at Mina to the Dutch, dominion in Angola was consolidated. The most vital part of the imperial economy was a triangular trade: slaves from West Africa and from the coasts of Congo and Angola were shipped to plantations in Brazil; raw materials (sugar, tobacco, gold, diamonds, dyes) were sent to Lisbon; Lisbon shipped Brazil colonists and hardware. Part of Portugal's War of Restoration against Spain (1640-68) and its reclaiming of Brazil and Angola from Dutch intrusions was financed by the New Christians (Jews converted to Christianity after the 1496 Manueline order of expulsion of Jews) who lived in Portugal, Holland and other low countries, France, and Brazil. If the first empire was mainly an African coastal and Asian empire, the second empire was primarily a Brazilian empire.Portugal's third overseas empire began upon the traumatic independence of Brazil, the keystone of the Lusitanian enterprise, in 1822. The loss of Brazil greatly weakened Portugal both as a European power and as an imperial state, for the scattered remainder of largely coastal, poor, and uncolonized territories that stretched from the bulge of West Africa to East Timor in the East Indies and Macau in south China were more of a financial liability than an asset. Only two small territories balanced their budgets occasionally or made profits: the cocoa islands of São Tomé and Príncipe in the Gulf of Guinea and tiny Macau, which lost much of its advantage as an entrepot between the West and the East when the British annexed neighboring Hong Kong in 1842. The others were largely burdens on the treasury. The African colonies were strapped by a chronic economic problem: at a time when the slave trade and then slavery were being abolished under pressures from Britain and other Western powers, the economies of Guinea- Bissau, São Tomé/Príncipe, Angola, and Mozambique were totally dependent on revenues from the slave trade and slavery. During the course of the 19th century, Lisbon began a program to reform colonial administration in a newly rejuvenated African empire, where most of the imperial efforts were expended, by means of replacing the slave trade and slavery, with legitimate economic activities.Portugal participated in its own early version of the "Scramble" for Africa's interior during 1850-69, but discovered that the costs of imperial expansion were too high to allow effective occupation of the hinterlands. After 1875, Portugal participated in the international "Scramble for Africa" and consolidated its holdings in west and southern Africa, despite the failure of the contra-costa (to the opposite coast) plan, which sought to link up the interiors of Angola and Mozambique with a corridor in central Africa. Portugal's expansion into what is now Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe (eastern section) in 1885-90 was thwarted by its oldest ally, Britain, under pressure from interest groups in South Africa, Scotland, and England. All things considered, Portugal's colonizing resources and energies were overwhelmed by the African empire it possessed after the frontier-marking treaties of 1891-1906. Lisbon could barely administer the massive area of five African colonies, whose total area comprised about 8 percent of the area of the colossal continent. The African territories alone were many times the size of tiny Portugal and, as of 1914, Portugal was the third colonial power in terms of size of area possessed in the world.The politics of Portugal's empire were deceptive. Lisbon remained obsessed with the fear that rival colonial powers, especially Germany and Britain, would undermine and then dismantle her African empire. This fear endured well into World War II. In developing and keeping her potentially rich African territories (especially mineral-rich Angola and strategically located Mozambique), however, the race against time was with herself and her subject peoples. Two major problems, both chronic, prevented Portugal from effective colonization (i.e., settling) and development of her African empire: the economic weakness and underdevelopment of the mother country and the fact that the bulk of Portuguese emigration after 1822 went to Brazil, Venezuela, the United States, and France, not to the colonies. These factors made it difficult to consolidate imperial control until it was too late; that is, until local African nationalist movements had organized and taken the field in insurgency wars that began in three of the colonies during the years 1961-64.Portugal's belated effort to revitalize control and to develop, in the truest sense of the word, Angola and Mozambique after 1961 had to be set against contemporary events in Europe, Africa, and Asia. While Portugal held on to a backward empire, other European countries like Britain, France, and Belgium were rapidly decolonizing their empires. Portugal's failure or unwillingness to divert the large streams of emigrants to her empire after 1850 remained a constant factor in this question. Prophetic were the words of the 19th-century economist Joaquim Oliveira Martins, who wrote in 1880 that Brazil was a better colony for Portugal than Africa and that the best colony of all would have been Portugal itself. As of the day of the Revolution of 25 April 1974, which sparked the final process of decolonization of the remainder of Portugal's third overseas empire, the results of the colonization program could be seen to be modest compared to the numbers of Portuguese emigrants outside the empire. Moreover, within a year, of some 600,000 Portuguese residing permanently in Angola and Mozambique, all but a few thousand had fled to South Africa or returned to Portugal.In 1974 and 1975, most of the Portuguese empire was decolonized or, in the case of East Timor, invaded and annexed by a foreign power before it could consolidate its independence. Only historic Macau, scheduled for transfer to the People's Republic of China in 1999, remained nominally under Portuguese control as a kind of footnote to imperial history. If Portugal now lacked a conventional overseas empire and was occupied with the challenges of integration in the European Union (EU), Lisbon retained another sort of informal dependency that was a new kind of empire: the empire of her scattered overseas Portuguese communities from North America to South America. Their numbers were at least six times greater than that of the last settlers of the third empire.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Empire, Portuguese overseas
-
18 lijn
2 [wiskunde] line4 [omtrek] (out)line, contour7 [potlood/krijtstreep] line♦voorbeelden:2 in rechte lijn (gemeten) • in a straight/direct line, as the crow fliesin grote lijnen • broadly speaking, on the wholeaan de (slanke) lijn doen • be on a dietin grote lijnen begrijpen wat er gezegd wordt • get the gist of what is being said〈 figuurlijk〉 op één lijn brengen • align, bring into linealleen op binnenlandse lijnen vliegen • fly only domestic routesdie lijn bestaat niet meer • that service/route no longer existsblijft u even aan de lijn a.u.b. • hold the line, pleaseik heb je moeder aan de lijn • your mother is on the line/phonelijn 15 • number 157 lijnen trekken/krassen (op) • draw/scratch lines (on)de bal ging over de lijn • the ball crossed the lineeen harde lijn • a hard linede resultaten bewegen zich in opgaande lijn • the results show an upward trendin opgaande lijn • (going) in the right directioneen andere lijn (gaan) volgen • pursue a different coursedat ligt in zijn lijn • 〈 ongunstig〉 that's just the sort of thing he'd do; 〈 gunstig〉 that's right up his streetzij trekken één lijn • they adopt one single view -
19 traza
f.1 appearance, looks (aspecto).2 plan, design (boceto, plano).3 trace, very small quantity, trace amount, vestige.4 tracing.pres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: trazar.* * *3 ARQUITECTURA plan, design\darse trazas para algo figurado to manage to do something, find a way to do somethingno llevar trazas de / no tener trazas de figurado not to look as iftener traza para algo to be good at something* * *SF1) (=aspecto) appearancepor o según las trazas — judging by appearances
esto lleva o tiene trazas de no acabar nunca — this looks as though it will never end
2) [de edificio] plan, design; [de ciudad] layout3) (=habilidad) skill, abilitydarse o tener traza para hacer algo — to be skilful o clever at doing sth
4) (Inform) trace5) Cono Sur (=huella) track, trail* * *1) (de línea, etc) trazado2)a) ( aspecto) appearanceesto lleva or tiene trazas de ir para largo — this looks as if it's going to drag on and on
* * *1) (de línea, etc) trazado2)a) ( aspecto) appearanceesto lleva or tiene trazas de ir para largo — this looks as if it's going to drag on and on
* * *A (de una línea, etc) trazadoB1 (aspecto) appearanceun individuo de mala traza a rough-looking individual(indicios): esto lleva or tiene trazas de ir para largo this looks as if it's going to drag on and ony no llevaba trazas de irse nunca it looked as if he was never going to leave, there was no sign that he was ever going to leaveesto tiene trazas de ser obra de Jaime this has all the signs of being o this looks like Jaime's handiworkCno hay trazas de él there is no sign of him* * *
Del verbo trazar: ( conjugate trazar)
traza es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
traza
trazar
trazar ( conjugate trazar) verbo transitivo
1
‹ plano› to draw;
traza el contorno de algo to outline sth
2 ‹plan/proyecto/estrategia› to draw up, devise
traza
I sustantivo femenino Arquit plan, design
II trazas fpl (apariencia, facha, aspecto) looks pl, appearance
trazar verbo transitivo
1 (una línea, un dibujo) to draw
2 (un plan) to draw up
3 (describir a grandes rasgos) to sketch, outline
' traza' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
sombra
English:
suspicion
* * *traza nf1. [aspecto] appearance;no lleva trazas de dejar de llover it doesn't look as if it's going to stop raining;por las trazas yo diría que no es de aquí by the look of her, I'd say she wasn't from around here2. [boceto, plano] plan, design3. [habilidad]tener buena/mala traza (para algo) to be good/no good (at sth)4. RP [señal] trace* * *f1 ( aspecto):esta discusión lleva trazas de acabar mal this argument looks as if it will end badly o looks like ending badly;lleva trazas de llover it looks as though it’s going to rain, it looks like rain fam ;por las trazas judging by appearances2 ( maña):darse (buena) traza para to be good at* * *traza nf1) diseño: design, plan2) : appearance -
20 карта
card, chart, map, sheet* * *ка́рта ж.1. map; (особ. навигационная) chartвести́ ка́рту — fill in a mapнаноси́ть на ка́рту — plot on a map or a chartопределя́ть по ка́рте — determine by chartориенти́ровать ка́рту — set a mapподнима́ть ка́рту — bring conventional signs on the map into reliefстро́ить ка́рту, напр. в мерка́торской прое́кции — draw a map [a chart], e. g., on the Mercator projection2. ( перфорационная) card3. ( игральная) cardанаглифи́ческая ка́рта — anaglyph, anaglyphic(al) mapаэронавигацио́нная ка́рта — air-navigation chartаэронавигацио́нная, маршру́тная ка́рта — strip air-navigation manбатиметри́ческая ка́рта — bathygraphic chartгеологи́ческая ка́рта — geological mapгидрографи́ческая ка́рта — hydrographic chartгидрологи́ческая ка́рта — marine (survey) chartгипсометри́ческая ка́рта — hypsometric(al) [hypsographic, altimetric] chart, hypsometric(al) [hypsographic, altimetric, isohypsic, relief] mapгравиметри́ческая ка́рта — gravimetric mapгравитацио́нная ка́рта — gravity (anomaly) mapка́рта грунто́вых вод — depth-to-water mapдоро́жная ка́рта — highway [route, road] mapкада́стровая ка́рта — cadastral map, cadastral planка́рта Карно́ мат., киб. — Karnaugh mapко́нтурная ка́рта — blank [contour, outline] mapкрупномасшта́бная ка́рта — large-scale mapмагни́тная ка́рта вчт. — magnetic cardмелкомасшта́бная ка́рта — small-scale mapметеорологи́ческая ка́рта — meteorological [weather] chartнавигацио́нная ка́рта — nautical chartнема́я ка́рта — outline mapобзо́рная ка́рта — general chart, genera (purpose) mapоперацио́нная ка́рта — operation sheet, flowsheetперфори́рованная ка́рта — punch(ed) card (см. тж. перфокарта)откла́дывать перфори́рованную ка́рту ( в перфораторе) — stack a card (in a card punch)перфори́рованная ка́рта складско́го учё́та — inventory cardперфори́рованная ка́рта с краево́й перфора́цией — edge-punched [margin-punched] cardка́рта проводи́мости по́чвы — surface-conductivity map (Примечание. “Surface”, а не “soil”, так как учитываются все виды поверхности, в том числе озёра, моря.)радионавигацио́нная ка́рта — (radio) direction-finding [radiogoniometric] chartрелье́фная ка́рта — relief mapсинопти́ческая ка́рта — synoptic chartка́рта сма́зки — lubrication chartсхемати́ческая ка́рта — schematic [skeleton, sketch] mapтехнологи́ческая ка́рта — process chart, process sheet, flowsheet; (для обслуживания, регламентных работ и т. п.) maintenance requirement card, MCRка́рта технологи́ческой осна́стки — tool write-up cardтопографи́ческая ка́рта — topographic [ground, land, surface contour] mapпривя́зывать топографи́ческую ка́рту к опо́рным то́чкам — control a (topographic) map by accurately located points, a (topographic) map is controlled byфи́зико-географи́ческая ка́рта — physiographic(al) mapэконо́мико-географи́ческая ка́рта — economic mapэлектрокалибро́вочная ка́рта напряже́ний — voltage chartэлектрокалибро́вочная ка́рта сопротивле́ний — resistance chart
См. также в других словарях:
sketch — n 1 outline, diagram, delineation, draft, tracing, plot, blueprint (see under SKETCH vb) Analogous words: design, plot, *plan, scheme, project: *chart, map 2 précis, aperçu, *compendium, syllabus, digest, pandect, survey sketch vb Sketch, outline … New Dictionary of Synonyms
sketch — [17] Sketch comes ultimately from Greek skhédios ‘impromptu’. This reached English by a rather roundabout route: via Latin schedius, which led to a Vulgar Latin verb schediāre ‘do hastily’, source of Italian schizzare ‘make a sketch’, which in… … The Hutchinson dictionary of word origins
sketch — [17] Sketch comes ultimately from Greek skhédios ‘impromptu’. This reached English by a rather roundabout route: via Latin schedius, which led to a Vulgar Latin verb schediāre ‘do hastily’, source of Italian schizzare ‘make a sketch’, which in… … Word origins
New Jersey Route 71 — Route 71 Route information Maintained by NJDOT Length: 16.78 mi[1] … Wikipedia
New Jersey Route 439 — Route 439 Route information Maintained by NJDOT Length: 3.95 mi[1] … Wikipedia
New Jersey Route 166 — Route 166 Map of Route 166, which is highlighted in red. Route infor … Wikipedia
New Jersey Route 167 — Route 167 Route information … Wikipedia
New Jersey Route 182 — Route 182 Route information Maintained by NJD … Wikipedia
New Jersey Route 183 — Route 183 Route information … Wikipedia
New Jersey Route 156 — Route 156 Route information Maintained by NJDOT Length: 1.18 mi[1] … Wikipedia
New Jersey Route 155 — Route 155 Cinnaminson Avenue Route information … Wikipedia
